This.
A VPN encrypts traffic to a particular endpoint (usually in another city) but from there your out on the Internet you get no protection. Think of it like running a really long cable from your house up to Dallas then plugging into your cousin's house. So anything your computer sends to the Internet is just as trackable. A simple test is to connect to your VPN then go to
http://www.google.com. If that page comes up, then any website tracking (on your PC) will continue to work. Also keep in mind that some websites send the data directly to Google, so no matter how you access it they are collecting usage data.
What a VPN DOES do for you is prevent your ISP from seeing what you are doing. So if you were up to something nefarious and the government authorities go to them to get all your usage logs they'll get a big stack of encrypted traffic to your VPN provider, which would be useless to them. They could then go to the VPN provider and request logs but most of them (the good ones) keep 0-day logs, meaning just connection/disconnection times for billing purposes.
I'm not saying VPNs are useless - I use one. But just want everyone to understand that having one doesn't protect you from the all-seeing eyes of the Internet. They just protect the portion between you and your VPN endpoint.
As to the thread discussion, Google Voice is a great alternative to using your own phone number in respect to privacy from providers/hobbyists/bookies/etc... But does little to protect you from a governmental investigation. Any of the software solutions like GV will happily turn over usage logs and info to any authority that shows up with a warrant. But aside from a burner phone only ever paid for with cash there's not much more you can do.
When it comes to privacy/protection from authorities the main thing you have to consider is how badly they want to get you. If you're just a hobbyist or provider chances are the amount of time and money it would take to get warrants and proper investigation won't be worth the conviction. However, if you are a pimp actively engaging in human trafficking, those numbers shift rapidly in their favor.